Cerebrovascular Disease

Cerebrovascular disease is the group of dysfunctions of the brain which is related to the diseases of blood vessels which supply blood to the brain.

Hypertension constitutes the most important trigger that can damage the arterial lining called endothelium. This leads to the exposing of the underlying collagen where one can find the platelets aggregating for initiating the repairing process.

Sustained hypertension can change the architecture of arteries permanently by narrowing, stiffening deforming and unevening them. This in turn leads to the arteries becoming more vulnerable to the blood pressure developing frequent fluctuations.

If the person’s blood pressure falls while he is sleeping, then the person may experience a reduced flow of blood in the narrowed arteries. This can lead to the person developing transient ishcemic attacks or mini strokes when he wakes up in the morning.

At the same time, if a person experiences hypertension in the day time due to excessive excitement, then it can lead to the development of intracranial haemorrhage. This is a condition where the blood vessels in the brain develop ruptures.

People who have diabetes or are above the age of fifty, smoke excessively or have transient ischemic attacks are prone to the development of cardiovascular disease more.

The various diseases associated with the dysfunctioning of the arteries can be categorised as macrovascular disease. Macrovascular disease constitutes a simple study of the process which the arteries develop blocks due to the deposition of blood clots or plaques.

The consequences of cerbrovascular disease are strokes, haemorrhagic strokes as well as transient ischemia or any other dysfunctions of the blood.

Symptoms

The symptoms associated with the cerebrovascular disease is dependent on location of haemorrhage, embolus or thrombosis and extent to which the cerebral tissue has been affected.

The commonly found symptoms of cerbrovascular disease are a haemorrhage or an ischemic event including the presence of motor dysfunctioning like hemiparesis as well as hemiplegia.

The early stages of the cerbrovascular disease is characterised by the experiencing of flaccid paralysis. A person will then have spasticity and toning of muscles. Slowing problems related to communication creep up.

The other symptoms which characterise the presence of a cerebrovascular disease are seizures, vomiting, fever, abnormal ECG reports, confusion, laboured respirations, periods of apnoea, increase in blood pressure and incontinence of the bladder as well as bowel.

Causes

Cardiovascular disease can occur when the arteries supplying blood to the brain is prevented from supplying blood due to the blocks that develop in the arteries due to deposition of plaques or presence of blood clots.

A person who has transient ischemic attacks can also lead to the development of stroke.

Yet another factor which may trigger the cardiovascular disease in a person is the rupturing of blood vessels. This condition is known as haemorrhagic stroke.

Treatment

The person is immediately put on a support system of oxygen and intravenous fluids are administered. The blood pressure and rhythm and rate of the heart beast are monitored carefully.

The treatment of the condition depends on the cause of the cardiovascular disease. If emolism had triggered stroke, then anticoagulants like heparin is administered for thinning the blood.